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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for teen dating violence
4 results foundAuthor: Taylor, Bruce Title: Assessing Different Levels and Dosages of the Shifting Boundaries Intervention to Prevent Youth Dating Violence in New York City Middle Schools: A Randomized Control Trial Summary: In this report we present the results of an experimental evaluation based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a dating violence and sexual harassment (DV/H) prevention program - called the Shifting Boundaries (SB) Program. We randomly assigned 23 public middle schools in New York City to one of four treatment conditions of SB varying by dosage and saturation levels. The project includes a baseline and two follow-up surveys with 6th, 7th and 8th grade students to assess short to medium term impact on rates of DV/H. The intervention we tested had two main components. First, we had an SB classroom curriculum (SBC), covering the consequences for perpetrators of DV/H, laws and penalties for DV/H, and respectful relationships. Second, we had an SB school (building-level) (SBS) component which included the use of school-based restraining orders, higher levels of faculty and security presence in areas identified through student mapping of safe/unsafe "hot spots," and the use of posters to increase awareness and reporting of DV/H. We examined (1) the effects of saturating a school environment by providing the SB intervention to all three middle school grades compared to only two grades or one grade and (2) the effects of two dosages of SB across two years compared to one dosage of the SB intervention across one year. Participating students ranged in age from 10 to 15, with a nearly 50% split between boys and girls. Our sample was 26% Hispanic, 37% African American, 16% Asian, 14% White and 7% "other." Over 40% of the sample had prior experience with a violence prevention educational program. Nearly half reported at least one experience of being in a dating relationship. At baseline, about one in five respondents reported having ever been the victim of any physical dating violence, with a similar number reporting perpetrating any physical dating violence. One in ten respondents reported having been the victim of any sexual dating violence ever (6.4% for perpetration of this act). Almost 60% of the sample reported having ever been the victim of any physical peer violence at some point in time (45% perpetration), and 18.1% were ever the victim of sexual peer violence (8% perpetration). Also, 49% reported experiencing sexual harassment (SH) at some point in time (23% perpetration). Our overall results indicate that providing the SB treatment to only one grade level in middle school does just as well in terms of peer violence and dating violence outcomes as a more saturated process of treating multiple grades. At both the 6-month and the 12-month assessments, however, there was evidence that additional saturation beyond one grade is associated with reductions in sexual harassment victimization. Schools that delivered SB to both 6th and 7th graders (compared to just 6th graders) showed reductions SH victimization reports at 6 months post treatment, an effect that was still significant at the 12-month assessment. Also at 12 months post treatment, schools that delivered SB to all middle school grades (6th - 8th) showed reductions in self-report of SH victimization. However, we also found that greater saturation of the SB program (delivered to 6th & 7th graders or to all three grades levels) was unexpectedly associated with more reported perpetration of sexual violence against peers at 12 month post treatment compared to the 6th grade only group, a finding in contrast with the additional borderline statistically significant findings (p<.10) at the 6-month assessment suggesting that receiving SB saturation for two grades rather than only one was associated with reduced frequency of peer physical victimization frequency and peer sexual violence perpetration. There were no results indicating that offering the SB program to a grade of students in two successive years (the 6th grade longitudinal design) resulted in statistically differential effects (p <.05) compared to a one-time dosage of SB in 6th grade. However, one borderline (p <.10) statistically significant effect (SB program delivered to 6th graders in year 1 and again to the same students, as 7th graders, in year 2 was associated with less SH victimization frequency compared to the 6th grade only intervention) highlights the potential potency of multiple dosages of the SB program for SH prevention work. These results largely support a minimalistic approach, in that SB effectiveness for peer and DV/H outcomes may be achieved by delivery to only one grade level in middle schools. However, taking these results in the context of our earlier work (NYC-1), there is a rationale for considering saturated delivery of the school wide (SBS) component of SB. In earlier research, SBS was effective at reducing DV/H outcome independent of the classroom curriculum (SBC). Because the SBS program can be introduced to an entire middle school at low-cost, and our current research shows positive effects of exposing more than just a single grade to the SB program, these results taken together suggest policy and administrative consideration of a saturated delivery of the SBS program. Details: Final report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2015. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249587.pdf?ed2f26df2d9c416fbddddd2330a778c6=kvbjxsxivv-kxvljjsv Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249587.pdf?ed2f26df2d9c416fbddddd2330a778c6=kvbjxsxivv-kxvljjsv Shelf Number: 138207 Keywords: Dating ViolenceSexual HarassmentTeen Dating ViolenceViolence Against Women, Girls |
Author: Reppucci, N. Dickon Title: A Review of the Findings from Project D.A.T.E.: Risky Relationships and Teen Dating Violence Among At-Risk Adolescents Summary: Statement of Purpose: Teen dating violence is linked to numerous longstanding consequences, such as delinquency, risky sexual behavior, and adult partner violence. Thus, research exploring adolescents' trajectories into and out of violent relationships is important for developing effective prevention and intervention programs to promote healthy teen relationships. Prior research has generally been restricted to normative, school-based samples that may not capture the unique experiences of youth who are already most likely to experience negative relationship outcomes. The purpose of Project D.A.T.E. (Demand Appreciation, Trust, and Equality) was to address gaps in current research by focusing on romantic relationship experiences among at-risk adolescents. Goals and Objectives: We investigated risk and protective factors related to teen dating violence and positive relationship outcomes within a single relationship and across multiple relationships. We also explored how early abusive relationships impact trajectories into later abusive relationships, and how age gaps between romantic partners might contribute to victimization and other negative outcomes. Participants. Participants included 223 adolescents (58% female, 61% African-American) who (1) were between 13 and 18 years old, (2) answered yes to "Have you ever 'dated someone' or been in a romantic relationship that lasted at least 1 month?", and (3) received community-based services (e.g., foster care, alternative schooling) or low-income services (e.g., free or reduced lunch, low-income housing). Methods. Participants completed two waves of two-hour, in-person, self-report interviews that took place about a year apart. In each interview, participants answered questions about socio-demographics, family, and schooling. Most of the interview, however, addressed issues of abuse, intimacy, and health within up to three romantic relationships (thus, up to six relationships total across two waves of data collection). We used assessments shown to be valid and reliable for adolescents. Results: Teens in our at-risk sample reported high levels of dating abuse, risky sexual behavior, and deviance within their romantic relationships. Abuse victimization and perpetration were highly correlated, with patterns largely the same for boys and girls, suggesting reciprocal or "common couple" violence rather than one-sided intimate terrorism. Risk factors for dating violence were similar whether considering single or multiple relationships. However, dynamic risk factors (e.g., depression, peer delinquency) appeared to be more powerful than historical factors (e.g., sexual debut, child maltreatment). Relationship-specific risk factors like dyadic deviancy and intimacy related significantly to dating violence, indicating that teens may view abusive relationships as serious and committed. In addition, dating abuse by partners and toward partners was relatively stable across time. For most teens, experiencing abuse in their first ever romantic relationship placed them at great risk for a trajectory of future abuse. Finally, age gaps between partners were related to negative outcomes regardless of the younger partner's age or gender. This link between partner age gaps and poor outcomes was best explained by older and younger partners’ risky lifestyles, not power inequalities within the relationship. Conclusions: Low-income, service-receiving adolescents showed high rates of abuse in their earliest relationships, and then continued to be significantly at risk for abuse in subsequent relationships—despite describing these relationships as positive in many ways. Thus, there is a clear need for prevention and intervention efforts targeting such at-risk youth that focus more on relationship quality than simply the presence or absence of abuse. Initial Project D.A.T.E. results suggest that future research needs to investigate the context of teen dating violence (events before and after, whether a partner was frightened, etc.) to understand how youth perceive these relationships. A nuanced understanding of the context of abuse is crucial since youth are unlikely to seek help if their perceptions of "dating violence" diverge from definitions used by service providers and law enforcement. Details: Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia, 2013. 237p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/243170.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/243170.pdf Shelf Number: 147807 Keywords: At-Risk YouthDate RapeDating ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: Livingston, Jennifer A. Title: Developmental Pathways of Teen Dating Violence in a High-Risk Sample. Summary report Summary: Objectives: This research examined the roles of parental psychopathology, marital conflict and parenting behaviors in the development of teen dating violence (TDV) among a sample of adolescents at high risk for aggressive behavior due to parental alcohol problems. The research had two aims: (1) to examine the developmental pathways to TDV in late adolescence from early childhood risk factors (i.e., parental psychopathology and marital conflict); and (2) examine the association of proximal risk and protective factors in early adolescence to TDV involvement in late adolescence. Two analytical models were tested in pursuit of these aims. Method: Adolescents (M=17.68 years of age) who had been participating, along with their parents, in a longitudinal study of the effects of parental alcohol problems on child development completed an additional wave of survey data in 11-12th grades. Families (N=227) were recruited from county birth records when the child was 12 months of age and had been previously assessed at 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-months, kindergarten, 4th, 6th, and 8th grades. For the current wave of data collection, adolescent participants (n=185) used computer–assisted interviewing to complete questionnaires assessing their individual characteristics, family and peer relationships, substance use, dating behaviors and involvement in TDV as a victim or perpetrator. Data from previous time points beginning at 12 months were used to predict involvement in TDV. Results: Etiology of TDV. Based on prior research and developmental theory, two potential pathways through which parental alcohol problems in infancy may contribute to aggression and adolescent involvement in TDV were examined: a direct pathway from marital conflict and an indirect pathway via parenting behavior and self-regulation. Results indicated that marital conflict in infancy and early childhood did not directly predict TDV in adolescence; however, there was an indirect association through poor self-regulation in middle childhood which in turn contributed to early adolescent aggression and ultimately, TDV in late adolescence. There was also support for indirect pathways from maternal depression and paternal antisocial behavior in infancy to TDV in adolescence through childhood and adolescent aggression, and from paternal alcohol problems in infancy via lower maternal warmth which contributed to lower child selfregulation in the preschool years and aggressive behavior across childhood and early adolescence. In addition, fathers’ antisocial behavior was associated with high sibling problems in middle childhood, which was a unique predictor of TDV in late adolescence. Maternal warmth as a moderator between exposure to marital conflict and TDV. A second model examined whether positive parenting in early adolescence could protect against TDV in late adolescence among youth exposed to high marital conflict. Results indicated that maternal acceptance in early adolescence moderated the relationship between exposure to marital conflict in early adolescence and TDV involvement in late adolescence, with the combination of low maternal acceptance and high conflict exposure in early adolescence predicting the highest rates of TDV in late adolescence. Implications: Parental psychopathology and marital conflict in infancy set the stage for a cascade of negative developmental outcomes that contribute to the development of aggression and TDV. Parenting behaviors, particularly maternal warmth, can be protective against TDV by promoting self-regulation. Mothers with alcoholic partners tend to exhibit lower warmth and sensitivity towards their children than those in nonalcoholic families, underscoring the need for members of alcoholic families to receive support and intervention. Intervening with families of young children who have been referred for domestic violence and/or substance abuse issues to promote positive parenting and conflict management may be an important step towards breaking the intergenerational cycle of violence. Details: Buffalo: University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Research Institute on Addictions, 2016. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250213.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250213.pdf Shelf Number: 147294 Keywords: At-Risk Youthcycle of ViolenceDating ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: Taylor, Bruce Title: The National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRIV) Summary: The purpose of this project, the national Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV), was to build the field's understanding of adolescent dating relationships, particularly those marked by adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). While definitions vary across the literature, for the purposes of this study we define ARA as physical, emotional, verbal, psychological, or sexual abuse perpetrated by an adolescent against another adolescent with whom they are in a dating/romantic relationship . The situational venue may be in person or via electronic means, in both public and private spaces, between current or past dating partners. More specifically, this study was designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of different forms of ARA among youth (ages 12-18), to document the characteristics of abusive relationships during adolescence, to assess ARA risk factors, and to situate these estimates within the environment of adolescents' key social relationships and communications. Based on STRiV data (late 2013), we developed a national portrait of the prevalence of varying categories of ARA victimization and perpetration, including levels of physical and emotional injury, and assessed how exposure to these forms of ARA vary by gender, age and other key demographic characteristics. We also identified specific conditional attitudes and dating relationship characteristics associated with ARA risk, and determined whether these pathways were uniquely gendered. Overall, with additional data collection underway under a second NIJ grant (2014-VA-CX-0065 - Longitudinal Follow-up in the National Survey for Teen Relationships and Violence), we continue to work toward our project goal to provide the necessary data to help the field understand and prevent ARA, with ongoing analyses of the STRiV data regarding ARA risk factors that provide opportunities for ARA prevention efforts sensitive to gender, developmental, and other characteristics. In this summary, we present the results from five papers (three published papers and two more under review). Details: Chicago: NORC at the University of Chicago, 2016. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250292.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250292.pdf Shelf Number: 147380 Keywords: Dating ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |